An Evaluation of Cervical Cancer Screening Awareness Among Women of Reproductive Age in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women globally, with a disproportionately high burden in developing countries such as Nigeria (Ibrahim et al., 2024). Early detection through screening can significantly reduce cervical cancer mortality rates by identifying precancerous changes and allowing for timely intervention (Adebowale & Fadare, 2023). Despite the proven benefits of cervical cancer screening, awareness about the disease and the availability of screening services remains low in many regions, particularly in rural and conflict-affected areas (Adamu et al., 2024).
Borno State, located in northeastern Nigeria, has faced significant challenges due to ongoing insecurity, which has affected access to healthcare services, including cancer screening programs (Abubakar & Sa'ad, 2023). The lack of awareness about cervical cancer and the importance of regular screening has contributed to low participation rates among women of reproductive age in the state. Additionally, cultural beliefs and a lack of education about sexual and reproductive health have hindered women’s willingness to seek screening services (Musa et al., 2023).
This study aims to evaluate the level of awareness regarding cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Borno State and explore the factors influencing their participation in screening programs. Understanding the barriers to screening and developing strategies to increase awareness and participation is crucial to reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in the region.
Statement of the Problem
In Borno State, the awareness of cervical cancer and screening methods remains low, leading to late-stage diagnoses and increased mortality rates from the disease (Mohammed & Ibrahim, 2023). Women in the state, particularly in rural areas, face multiple barriers to accessing cervical cancer screening, including poor health infrastructure, socio-cultural factors, and limited knowledge about the availability and benefits of screening programs. Without a concerted effort to raise awareness, the burden of cervical cancer will continue to rise, exacerbating the already strained healthcare system in the region.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the level of awareness of cervical cancer and screening methods among women of reproductive age in Borno State.
- To identify the factors influencing women’s participation in cervical cancer screening in Borno State.
- To recommend strategies for improving cervical cancer screening awareness and participation in the region.
Research Questions
- What is the level of awareness of cervical cancer and its screening methods among women of reproductive age in Borno State?
- What factors influence the participation of women in cervical cancer screening programs in Borno State?
- What strategies can be implemented to increase cervical cancer screening awareness and participation in Borno State?
Research Hypotheses
- There is a significant relationship between the level of awareness of cervical cancer and the likelihood of participating in screening programs among women in Borno State.
- Socio-cultural factors, including traditional beliefs and stigma, negatively influence cervical cancer screening participation in Borno State.
- Increased awareness campaigns will significantly improve cervical cancer screening participation among women in Borno State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on women of reproductive age (15-49 years) residing in Borno State, specifically targeting urban and rural communities. Limitations include potential biases in self-reported data regarding knowledge and participation, as well as challenges in accessing areas affected by insecurity.
Definitions of Terms
- Cervical Cancer: A type of cancer that occurs in the cervix, often caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Cervical Cancer Screening: A medical procedure, such as the Pap smear or HPV testing, used to detect early signs of cervical cancer in women.
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